Thursday, November 6, 2014

Non-Voters Win 2014 Midterm Elections

Back to Do-Nothing Politics

Our current U.S. Congress is the least productive in history.
America has just spent at least $3.6 billion on elections across the country with Republican candidates winning big. Knowledgeable citizens - those who voted and those who didn't bother - reasonably expect to see little change in Washington.

"Federal elections are curiously boring this year. ... The 2014 midterms are the first national elections in more than 16 years in which no important legislative changes are at stake."

Our two-party system is a game-of-black-and-white. Despite the onslaught of partisan commercials insisting that "white (or black) must win," that is not in fact how the game works. For those who love the phantasmagoria that is American politics, change, and losses, are anticipated parts of the show. "To work for their exclusion is to work against life."

In the run up to the 2014 midterms, many odds makers observed that the Republican party had home-field advantage: "A favorable Senate map and political landscape." The same prognosticators are pointing out that the 2016 elections will take place on the Democratic party's home court: "They have had much more success turning out younger and minority voters in presidential election years."

But the rhetoric from this year's campaign ads will likely be replayed again in two years, as politicians and partisans often forget that, "Thoughts, ideas and words are "coins" for real things. They are not those things... Ideas and words are more or less fixed, whereas real things change."


In the U.S., the uninsured rate dipped to 15.6% in the first quarter of 2014; the lowest level recorded since late 2008.
Liberal and Obamacare are ideas, fixed in many minds; but, the number of Americans with access to health insurance changed for the better.

Conservative and Welfare Reform are words, fixed in many minds, but the number of children living above poverty, changed for the better.

Between 1996—the year welfare reform was passed—and 2000, the poverty rate for families with children dropped from 16.5 percent to 12.7 percent.
In the span of 30 years, each of our two parties has alternately held the Presidency, the Senate and the House. And over that time, little has changed. Popular columnist George Will explained the game of American politics, "Gridlock is not an American problem. It’s an American achievement. The framers of our Constitution didn't want an efficient government; they wanted a safe government. …. What I’m saying…is that when we have gridlock, the system is working."

The elections, "silly season in Washington," are blowing over. Once again, the President will go back to dealing with foreign policy issues - where his true power lies. Our Congress, tasked with leading on domestic issues, will do very little in the absence of pressing crises with clear cut solutions. The American political system is working as designed.

Historical perspective is small solace to citizens struggling against systemic inequalities (racial, gender, income). But the game of American politics was never intended to resolve those pernicious problems. If there have been times when American democracy worked towards the greater good, it was only happenstance. To quote a 20th century politician, "You can depend on Americans to do the right thing when they have exhausted every other possibility."

Tic-Tac-Toe Government

Non-voters did so well in the 2014 midterm elections that they even got a shout out from the American President himself. "To everyone that voted, I want you to know that I heard you. To the two-thirds of voters who chose not to participate in the process yesterday, I hear you too.."

Alluded to, increasingly recognized by politicians and pundits, is the fact that many citizens don't bother voting for the same reason that you've never met up with friends at the local sports bar to watch a televised tic-tac-toe match. In American today, the game of politics usually ends in a draw.

This may be a historical reality, but now more than ever, our politcal black-and-white are basically equally matched opponents. Campaign professionals on each side have divvied up the crosstabs: women versus men, young versus old, rural versus urban. Election after election, it's basically a draw; with the Republican (or Democrat) who wins behaving pretty much like the Democrat (or Republican) who was thrown out of office.



Barack Obama is not the first U.S. President to recognize the number of citizens who don't show up and imply that they are on his side; Richard Nixon had his own "silent majority" (though he was likely thinking of a different demographic).

The current president sounded wistful from the podium, hoping his democratic coalition is just "taking a break" and not breaking up. Presidential election year successes in expanding the electorate, built on the implementation of data driven micro targeting, mean that going forward non-voters will likely be missed and not forgotten.

Research tells us that non-voters are "Younger, More Racially Diverse, More Financially Strapped," than their neighbors who vote. On the other hand, they are equally skeptical that our government does or could work well.

Political scientists have offered theories that would suggest 2014 midterm nonvoters likely lacked strong partisan motivation, or have grown tired of a sitting president who they may have even helped elect. Economists neatly explain the individual rationality of nonvoting, given that the personal costs, in time and trouble, to become politically informed well outweigh the unlikely benefit of seeing politicians deliver social improvements. So perhaps non-voters patriotically delegated their vote potential to those they thought might be better informed.


War Games (1983)
The computer - Joshua - figures out war and tic-tac-toe.
Or maybe, over the past ten years, over five Congressional elections, non-voters are vaguely aware that legislative productivity has been decreasing, to literally its lowest levels ever. In 2014, non-voters watched the game of congressional tic-tac-toe played out 435 times across the country (Senate + House - 33 uncontested elections); and were subjected to a a record breaking $2.4 billion in mid-term election advertising. The intensity of the game continued to increase, even as the expected outcome was the same old political draw.

Non-voters won the 2014 midterms. Like the series of simulations played by Joshua the super computer in the movie War Games, this years tic-tac-toe of congressional elections proved that the only winning move was not to play.

Friday, October 31, 2014

Americans Love to Hate to Love Halloween

Projected percentage, 2012
Courtesy: betweenthenumbers.net
In the United States, Halloween ranks as the third most popular holiday, and the second-biggest decorating holiday, topped only by Christmas. For more than 15 years now, the American retail industry, amplified by our media, have treated us to an annual informational on the family-fun fueled growth of Halloween consumerism. But Halloween, historically speaking, is a celebration of death. Anxiety, discomfort, fear, help fuel the party. Any observer of American culture, particularly our pathological aversion to the inevitability of aging - and dying, must needs find the increasingly outrageous pageantry of Halloween a bit bizarre - or even, as one British journalist put it, "tacky." In truth, for many Americans, Halloween is a holiday that we love, and love to hate.

Spooky Numbers

Like any good Halloween tale, the first blush of headlines proclaim that all is well in the village. Or as one Halloween retailer un-selfconsciously promised, "We want to be bright and sunshiny. We want music to be playing and a happy feel."

According to the National Retail Federation's July 2014 survey, almost 75% of American households, more than 170 million adults, planned to participate in some manner of Halloween celebration. Most commonly handing out candy, and for parents, taking the kids trick-or-treating; but, increasingly U.S. adults are also decorating their homes; wearing costumes, attending parties and visiting haunted house attractions.

Celebration Plans for Halloween - Estimated No. of Adults (Sept. 2014) - NRF

With Halloween falling on a Friday in 2014, retailers anticipate record spending. Estimates vary between $7.4 billion (NRF) and $11.3 billion (ICSC). Even at the lower projection, upward trends in U.S. Halloween spending are thrilling.

Halloween Spending Forecasts, total spending in $US billions, 2005 - 2014


Based on NRF data, between 2005 and 2012, the country's overall Halloween spending has been increasing by 10.8% per year, and by 4.8% per person, per year. 

U.S. Adults Expected to Spend 4.8% More Per Year on Halloween
Courtesy: betweenthenumbers.net

Consumer economy triumphalism notwithstanding, Halloween is still a game. Trick-or-treat, hide-and-seek. What makes Halloween, or any game, fun is that not everyone is on the same team. At the end of our retailers' Halloween fable lies an interesting twist. A consistent minority of Americans have not been convinced to play.

In 2000, an American Express Retail Index survey found that nearly two-thirds of adults rate Halloween as popular in their home and that 82 percent will hand out treats. Bobbing for apples to apples comparisons, we can review 10 years of data from the NRF.

Percentage of Consumers Who Planned to Celebrate Halloween or Participate in Halloween Activities (BIGResearch / BIGInsight Halloween Consumer Intentions and Actions Survey)
  • 68.5% - 2014 (estimated)
  • 65.8% - 2013 
  • 71.5% - 2012 
  • 68.6% - 2011 
  • 63.8% - 2010 
  • 62.1% - 2009 
  • 64.5% - 2008 
  • 58.7% - 2007 
  • 63.8% - 2006 
  • 52.5% - 2005

Over the past decade, that's an average of 64% of adults participating in Halloween each year. Meaning more than 30% of the adult population are just not that into celebrating Halloween.

And there is the additional disparity between survey respondents who report enthusiasm for Halloween activities versus those who (dutifully?) hand out treats. NRF's 2014 survey captures the fact that, as in every year, a portion of respondents who will hand out candy (73.5%) do not in fact anticipate themselves to be "celebrating" Halloween (only 68.5%). Seemingly some adults well remember that trick-or-treat is, after all, a thinly veiled game of extortion.

Halloween is for Grinches

Halloween engenders ambivalence, by design. Despite the retail industry's best assurances. One example of our collective misgiving is the intuition that we are being (successfully) marketed. A Harris poll from four years ago found that the same consistent 66% of U.S. adults planned to celebrate Halloween; even as 51% of the survey respondents somewhat or strongly agreed that Halloween is an "over-hyped holiday."

Courtesy: PRNewswire, The Harris Poll, Oct. 2010

Religious objections to Halloween date back to America's founding Puritans; today Born-Agains and Evangelicals are most likely to rail against occult origins. Worry about the dangers to children, real and imagined, are easy enough to understand. Tainted candy, candle fires, abductions-mostly imagined; traffic accidents and sports injuries-real. And then there is the nagging suspicion that, "Only children should dress up for Halloween."

Halloween is a shape shifter. A beautiful young woman in the moonlight, revealed as wicked old hag by passing clouds. In an age when science has dispelled belief in monsters, Halloween engineers that we eye each other warily.

You are one of the 67% of American adults who believe that Halloween is not just for kids. Your neighbor is one of the 32% who feel that only children should dress for Halloween. Let the games, and noise complaints, begin. On a night when "the veil between life and death [is] at its thinnest and the living and the dead [can] co-mingle;" some will bar themselves indoors, while others will risk adventure in the dark.  And each group will wonder, "What is wrong with those people?" 

Trick-and-Treat 

"Halloween doesn't like to have it's energies tamed. The rebellious aspect is gonna pop up somewhere." Having possessed the American psyche, October 31st continues to make mischief by pitting us against one another in a contest to define Halloween.

Headlines tell the story:

Call it "All Saints' Eve," or "Allhalloween" or "The Festival of Samhain;" but this night, 3000 years later, is celebrated by Americans because Halloween is grand enough to absorb the love-hate-love blow back of our still adolescent culture. Run through the streets ridiculing death in your most macabre outfit. Lock yourself inside, peering past the curtains for first sign of daybreak. In either case you are a perfect Hallowe'en participant, experiencing it in just the same way as generations before you.

Halloween Equals Quality

Halloween, has become one of Americans' favorite games because it’s fun to find new ways of hiding (This Halloween's Hottest Costume: Frozen's Elsa). And it's fun to seek for someone who doesn't always hide in the same place (Islamic state Halloween costumes that might get you killed). In his book, The Culture Code, a french observer of American ways notes that, "The Culture Code for quality in America is IT WORKS." 

Halloween works for Americans. Which is more than we can say for the Centers for Disease Control (underestimated Ebola); the Central Intelligence Agency (missed the rise of ISIS) or our political system (any 2014 midterm election commercial). Love Halloween; that works. Hate Halloween; that works as well.

The same french observer opines that, "The Culture Code for perfection in America is DEATH." And so it is the permission to fear and mock death simultaneously - and to be right both ways - that makes Halloween the perfect American holiday.




References
  1. Quotes by David J. Skall, Author, featured in the The Real Story of Halloween, History Channel documentary